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Economics

The Impact of Electoral System Design on Party Systems

Quick fact

In the United Kingdom, the first-past-the-post system gave the Conservative Party a majority in the House of Commons in 2019 with 43.6% of the popular vote, while the Liberal Democrats won only 1.7% of seats with 11.6% of the vote—a striking mismatch between votes and representation.

Why this is interesting

Why do some countries have just two major parties, while others have a dozen? The answer lies not just in culture, but in a single rule: how votes become seats.