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Technology

Autonomous Navigation and Hazard Avoidance for Planetary Landers

Quick fact

NASA's Perseverance rover, which landed on Mars in 2021, used an autonomous navigation system that could identify hazardous rocks and craters on its own. It navigated the final descent with no human input, making real-time decisions in less than a second to avoid a crash.

Why this is interesting

When you land a spacecraft on another planet, there is no human at the joystick—and the radio delay from Earth is minutes. How does a lander hit a tiny safe spot on an unexplored moon or Mars, all by itself?