Sociology
The Demography of Immigration and the Reshaping of Ethnic Composition
Quick fact
In many European countries, annual net migration now exceeds natural increase (births minus deaths), meaning that without immigration, the population would shrink and age rapidly. For instance, by 2023, net migration accounted for over 90% of population growth in Spain, leading to a significant shift in its ethnic composition.
Why this is interesting
What if the decline in a country's birth rate could be offset not by births but by arrivals at its borders? As millions move across the globe, the very fabric of societies' ethnic identities is being rewritten—how does that happen, and what are the consequences?