Technology
The Logic of Two-Level Games in International Negotiations
Quick fact
In 1988, Robert Putnam formalized two-level game theory, showing that the size of a national 'win-set'—the set of agreements domestic groups will accept—directly determines the terms of international agreements, often making weaker domestic positions a bargaining advantage.
Why this is interesting
Have you ever wondered why a president can negotiate an international climate deal but fail to get it approved at home? Negotiations are never just between two countries—they are actually two games played at once.