Chemistry
Separation of Powers Doctrine in Hybrid Regimes
Quick fact
In hybrid regimes, separation of powers often exists on paper but is undermined in practice: executives use emergency powers, party discipline, and control over courts to dominate, creating a 'legal autocracy' where checks are more ritual than reality.
Why this is interesting
What if a country had a constitution that looked perfectly balanced on paper—but in practice, one branch ruled everything? How does that happen without breaking the law?