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Mathematics

How Linear Transformations Rotate and Stretch Space

Quick fact

A single 2×2 matrix can represent a rotation, a reflection, or a stretch — and its determinant tells you how much the area changes, with a negative sign meaning a flip!

Why this is interesting

You've probably seen matrices as grids of numbers, but what do they actually do? The secret is that each matrix is a machine that moves the entire space around you in a precise, grid-friendly way.