Mathematics
Voronoi Diagrams and Delaunay Triangulations for Spatial Analysis
Quick fact
The Delaunay triangulation is the exact dual of the Voronoi diagram: if you draw a line between every pair of points whose Voronoi cells share a boundary, you get a triangulation that maximizes the minimum angle of all triangles.
Why this is interesting
Have you ever noticed the crack patterns in dried mud or the spots on a giraffe? They follow a hidden geometric rule that also helps your phone find the nearest tower and scientists map disease hotspots.