Mathematics
Boolean Algebra and Digital Logic Design
Quick fact
A single Boolean expression like (A AND B) OR (C AND NOT D) can be simplified to just A AND B using algebraic identities, potentially eliminating several logic gates and reducing power consumption in a circuit.
Why this is interesting
Every modern computer, from supercomputers to the microchip in your phone, is built from millions of tiny switches that follow just three simple rules. How can such simple rules create the entire digital world?