Mathematics
Using LU Factorization to Efficiently Solve Systems of Equations
Quick fact
Once the LU factorization is computed, solving a new right-hand side costs only O(n²) time, versus O(n³) for Gaussian elimination from scratch—a massive speedup for large systems and repeated solves.
Why this is interesting
You've solved equations by elimination, but what if you need to solve hundreds of systems with the same matrix? LU factorization is the hidden shortcut that makes this instant work.