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Geography

Why Monsoon Systems Exhibit Interannual Variability Linked to El Niño

Quick fact

A strong El Niño in the Pacific can reduce Indian summer monsoon rainfall by up to 10-15% of its normal amount, occasionally leading to severe droughts across the subcontinent.

Why this is interesting

Monsoon rains can vary dramatically from one year to the next, sometimes causing floods and sometimes droughts. Why does the monsoon seem to have a mind of its own, and what could a warming ocean thousands of kilometers away have to do with it?