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Sociology

Superdiversity and the Reshaping of Urban Social Integration

Quick fact

In London, over 300 languages are spoken by schoolchildren, and about a third of the population was born abroad—yet the real novelty is the combination of nationalities, legal statuses, religions, and even immigration pathways (e.g., refugee, student, work visa) that defy simple categorization as 'immigrant' or 'minority'.

Why this is interesting

Cities like London and Toronto are now home to over 300 spoken languages—but that's only the beginning. When ethnographer Steven Vertovec looked closer, he saw a complexity that made 'multiculturalism' seem old-fashioned. What happens when diversity becomes so layered that the old labels no longer fit?