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Technology

Bureaucratic Autonomy and Policy Implementation Failures

Quick fact

An influential study by Pressman and Wildavsky (1973) found that even with clear legislation and strong political support, the complexity of joint action among bureaucratic agencies can doom implementation—what they called 'implementation as the missing link between policy and results.'

Why this is interesting

Policies are written in law, yet they often fail in practice. Why do well-intentioned reforms so frequently go off the rails when they reach the agencies meant to carry them out?