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Physics

Azimuthal Quantum Number (l)

Quick fact

The azimuthal quantum number l is also known as the orbital angular momentum quantum number. It was first introduced by Arnold Sommerfeld to explain the fine details of atomic spectra.

Why this is interesting

You know that electrons live in orbitals labeled s, p, d, and f — but have you ever wondered why some are spherical while others look like dumbbells or clovers? The secret lies in a single quantum number: l.