Physics
The Navier–Stokes Equations and the Mystery of Fluid Flow
Quick fact
The Clay Mathematics Institute offers a $1 million prize for a proof that the Navier–Stokes equations always have smooth, physically reasonable solutions—or for a valid counterexample showing they don't.
Why this is interesting
We can predict the path of a thrown ball, but we can't prove that the equations describing a flowing river will always have a smooth solution. Why is something so everyday so mathematically elusive?