Philosophy
Rawlsian Justice as Fairness and the Veil of Ignorance
Quick fact
John Rawls argued that if you choose principles of justice from behind a 'veil of ignorance'—knowing nothing about your own position in society—you would reject utilitarianism and instead guarantee equal basic liberties and arrange inequalities so they benefit the least advantaged.
Why this is interesting
Imagine you had to design a fair society, but you didn't know if you'd be born rich or poor, healthy or sick, talented or not. What rules would you choose?