Mathematics
Compactness in Topological Spaces and Sequential Compactness
Quick fact
In any metric space, compactness is equivalent to sequential compactness: every sequence has a convergent subsequence. This equivalence is what powers the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem and the extreme value theorem in calculus.
Why this is interesting
You know that a finite set is 'small', but what about an infinite set like the interval [0,1]? It has infinitely many points, yet it behaves 'small' in a way that matters for calculus. What makes it special?