Mathematics
Statistical Inference
Quick fact
Statistical inference allows us to estimate population parameters with quantifiable uncertainty; for example, a 95% confidence interval means that if we repeated the sampling process many times, 95% of such intervals would contain the true value.
Why this is interesting
How can a poll of just 1,000 people tell us what an entire country thinks? The secret is statistical inference—the art of using a small sample to make reliable guesses about a huge population.