Mathematics
Chaos Theory and the Butterfly Effect
Quick fact
In 1961, Edward Lorenz discovered chaos when he rounded a number from 0.506127 to 0.506 and got a completely different weather forecast, showing that even minuscule differences in initial conditions can lead to vastly divergent outcomes.
Why this is interesting
You've heard that a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil can set off a tornado in Texas. But how can such a tiny event cause such a massive, unpredictable shift?