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Geography

The Security Dilemma and the Spiral Model in Interstate Conflict

Quick fact

The security dilemma can lead two states that both desire peace into a war neither started intentionally: in 1914, the great powers of Europe stumbled into World War I largely through defensive mobilizations that each side saw as acts of aggression, illustrating the spiral model at work.

Why this is interesting

Imagine a crowded room where everyone is holding a tense stare. One person shifts to get a better view, but the other sees it as a threat and steps back defensively. Soon, both are circling, each convinced the other is about to strike—even though neither wanted a fight.