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Economics

Demographic Transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa and Their Socioeconomic Drivers

Quick fact

Unlike the historical European decline, where fertility fell over a century, some sub-Saharan countries are experiencing rapid fertility declines—for instance, Kenya's total fertility rate has halved from about 6.7 in 1980 to 3.4 today—while other nations remain stalled at high rates, showing the region's dramatic demographic variability.

Why this is interesting

Sub-Saharan Africa is often described as the last region on Earth still in the early stages of the demographic transition. Yet, its population is projected to double by 2050—how is this pattern unfolding, and what is driving it?