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Economics

How Electoral System Thresholds Affect Party System Fragmentation

Quick fact

In Germany, a party must win at least 5% of the national vote to enter the Bundestag; since the 1950s, this 5% hurdle has kept the party system remarkably stable, preventing extreme fragmentation even amid shifting voter loyalties.

Why this is interesting

Did you know that simply changing a legal percentage can turn a crowded parliament into a two-party system, or vice versa? Electoral thresholds are tiny rule tweaks that shape entire political landscapes.