Chemistry
The Chemistry of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Challenges of Polysulfide Shuttling
Quick fact
During discharge, sulfur (S8) is reduced through a series of soluble intermediate species called lithium polysulfides (Li2S8, Li2S6, Li2S4) before forming the final solid products Li2S2 and Li2S. These intermediates can diffuse to the lithium anode and react chemically, short-circuiting the battery and reducing its lifetime.
Why this is interesting
You know how your phone battery dies faster over time? Lithium-sulfur batteries could hold many times more energy, but they lose capacity quickly. Why?